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palina kurlovich
    Для изучения распространения гутного производства стекла в XVII – XIX веках в верхнем Поднепровье проведен анализ распространения ойконимов с корневой формантой «гут-» на территории семи северных областей Украины (Черниговской, Киевской,... more
    Для изучения распространения гутного производства стекла в XVII – XIX веках в верхнем Поднепровье проведен анализ распространения ойконимов с корневой формантой «гут-» на территории семи северных областей Украины (Черниговской, Киевской, Сумской, Полтавской, Житомирской, Ровенской, Волынской), семи областей западной и юго-западной России (Белгородской, Курской, Брянской, Орловской, Смоленской, Калужской, Псковской), а также Республики Беларусь. Учтено и сопоставлено современных ойконима и 188 ойконимов, упоминающихся в источниках. Исследование показало, что южная и восточная граница их распространения практически совпадает с границей зоны смешанных и широколиственных лесов и лесостепи. Лишь несколько пунктов оказались на некотором расстоянии за пределами этого природного рубежа. Связана такая закономерность с обильным использованием древесины в технологическом процессе производства стекла. Сделаны также выводы о постепенном продвижении гутного дела с запада на восток (по территории Речи Посполитой) и последующем формировании мощного производственного ядра в украинских землях на Днепровском левобережье, получившего дополнительный импульс развития в годы правления Петра
    Великого. На территории Московского царства гутное дело практически не было известно до Переяславской Рады. Во второй половине XVIII и в первой половине XIX века гутное производство в Черниговских землях затухает, распространяясь на верхний Днепр, в Припятское Полесье. К середине XIX века гутное производство окончательно угасает, но некоторые промышленные стекольные заводы по традиции иногда продолжают называть гутами.

    To study the distribution of glass production in the 17th – 19th centuries, an analysis of the distribution of oikonyms with the root formant "gut-" in the territory of seven northern regions of Ukraine (Chernigov, Sumy, Poltava, Kiev, Zhitomir, Rovno, Volyn), seven regions of western and south-western Russia (Belgorod, Kursk, Bryansk, Oriol, Kaluga, Smolensk, Pskov), as well as the Republic of Belarus, was conducted on the Upper Dnieper basin. 102 modern oikonyms and 188 oikonyms, mentioned in the sources, were taken into account and compared. The study showed that the south and east border of their distribution practically coincides with the boundary of the zone of mixed and broad-leaved forests and forest-steppe. Only a few points were at some distance beyond this natural boundary. This regularity is associated with the abundant use of wood in the technological process of glass production. Conclusions are also made about gradual progress of the gut business from west to east (through the territory of the Commonwealth) and the subsequent formation of a powerful production nucleus in the Ukrainian lands on the Dnieper left bank, which received an additional impulse of development during the reign of Peter the Great. In the territory of the Moscow kingdom, the gut-glass business was practically unknown until the Pereyaslavl Rada. In the second half of the 18th century and in the first half of the 19th century, the gut production in the Chernigov lands fades, spreading to the upper Dnieper, to the Pripyat Polesye. By the middle of the 19th century, the gutter production was finally dying out, but some industrial glass factories, by tradition, sometimes continue to be called gutis.
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    Рассмотрен на примере монастыря Льпиновская Троицкая пустынь импорт стекла в периферийные территории осковского/Российского государства, лежащие вне зоны распространения кустарного производства стекла. Сделаны выводы о крайне... more
    Рассмотрен на примере монастыря Льпиновская Троицкая пустынь импорт стекла в периферийные территории осковского/Российского государства, лежащие вне зоны распространения кустарного производства стекла. Сделаны выводы о крайне незначительных объемах поставок стеклянных изделий с малороссийских или НеруссоДеснянских гут. В то же время тип оконных стекол указывает на возможные контакты с гутами Днепровского правобережья в XVI – начале XVII века (возможно в период Смутного времени).

    On the lands and times frontiers. The detection of the import of guta glass production in the Kursk Posem`e (on the example of the Lipinovsky Trinity monastery)
    In the article, the example of the Lipinovskaya Trinity monastery examined the import of glass into the peripheral territories of the Moscow / Russian state, lying outside the zone of handicraft production of glass. Conclusions are drawn about the extremely small volumes of supplies of glassware from the Little Russian or Nerusso-Desnyanskiy forest. At the same time, the type of window glass indicates possible contacts with the guts of the Dnieper right bank in the 16th-early 17th centuries (possibly during the Time of Troubles).
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    The article is devoted to the historical geography formation and development of glass production in the territory of the Desna and the Upper Dnieper (watershed of Dniepr, Sozh, Besed, Iput, Snov, Sudost, Desna, Seim, Nerussa) in XVI –... more
    The article is devoted to the historical geography formation and development of glass production in the territory of the Desna and the Upper Dnieper (watershed of Dniepr, Sozh, Besed, Iput, Snov, Sudost, Desna, Seim, Nerussa) in XVI – XIX. The need for the availability of various chemical components in the mix (quartz sand, potash, lime, various additives), water for fire safety, fuel for glass-making furnaces had a very strong influence on the distribution and landscape confinement of guta manufactories (centers of handicraft production of glass). All guts are connected with sandy sites (quartz sand – a furnace charge basis) and located near water (the reasons – fire safety and preparation of potash). The southern boundary of distribution is clearly connected with the northern boundary of the forest-steppe zone of Eastern Europe. In the forest-steppe, the afforested areas of the riverine areas were small (< 12%), the forest-steppe was not able to provide the necessary quantity of wood (fuel and raw materials for potash production). As deforestation in convenient places, the glass production centers gradually moved deeper into the forest zone to the north. A possible limitation of this advancement is the distribution of chalk outlets, the necessary component of the charge. As the industrial production of glass and glass products, less tied to local resources, the artisan production centers gradually fade. The research can be practically useful for the organization of tourist skansen, reconstructing ancient production processes.
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    The paper is devoted to development of glass vessels’ production technology during the Late Middle Ages – the New Times illustrated by materials of the North and Central Belarus. The mode of production of the concrete article is... more
    The paper is devoted to development of glass vessels’ production technology during the Late Middle Ages – the New Times illustrated by materials of the North and Central Belarus. The mode of production of the concrete article is determined by the complex of its technological features: morphology, the composition of glass and decoration. During the research period glassmaking had gone all the way since the making of handicraft glass workshops (“huty”) for appearance of glass industry at glass factories.
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